Smart, sustainable & liveable cities – research outlines

Choose a research outline for your application

A physics-based numerical study of soil moisture effects on fire behaviour (RFO-25112)

This project aims to investigate the influence of soil moisture on fire propagation using physics-based numerical modelling. While surface fuel characteristics and wind are widely recognised drivers of fire spread, the role of subsurface soil moisture remains underexplored. 

By employing high-resolution simulations with varying soil moisture conditions, the study will evaluate how moisture affects important fire parameters like ignition likelihood, flame development, flame dimensions, heat release rate, and rate of spread. By adjusting thermal properties of the ground layer to reflect different moisture levels, the study will provide insights into how soil moisture buffers or enhances fire behaviour. 

The project has potential implications for fire behaviour prediction, prescribed burning protocols, and climate adaptation strategies in fire-prone ecosystems.

Supervisors: Professor Khalid Moinuddin, Dr Siddharth Gupta
Institute: Institute for Sustainable Industries & Liveable Cities              
Course Code: UPAF
Field of Research (FoR) Code: 4017 Mechanical engineering

To indicate your interest and discuss your suitability, please contact: Professor Khalid Moinuddin, [email protected]  

Advanced light-functional membranes for managing water decontamination (RFO-25072)

Trace contaminants including pharmaceuticals and PFAS are being detected in our water supplies and environment. This creates a big challenge to find means to quickly detect and destroy them to protect our health and environment, as current technologies that do this are very expensive and inefficient. 

This study will involve the development of innovative materials with unique optical properties that can be developed into thin membrane films for rapid detection and even efficient destruction of these trace contaminants. We have demonstrated novel light functional sensors and photocatalytic membranes with such capabilities, but this student project seeks to further this research by advancing the functionality of these materials in real environments and scaled up application. This will be a key part of demonstrating the cost reducing and high efficiency capabilities of these new innovative membranes for clean and healthy water.

Supervisors: Professor Mikel Duke, Dr Jianhua Zhang, Dr Foti Sidiroglou
Institute: Institute for Sustainable Industries & Liveable Cities              
Course Code: UPAF
Field of Research (FoR) Code: 4004  Chemical Engineering

To indicate your interest and discuss your suitability, please contact: Professor Mikel Duke,  [email protected]   

AI-driven climate resilience in hospitality: A knowledge-based model for predicting & guiding hotel sustainability actions (RFO-25073)

The hospitality sector is vulnerable to climate shocks yet crucial to sustainable urban economies. This project will build an AI-powered knowledge-based system that mines multisource data—weather projections, energy-use logs, guest sentiment, and policy signals—to predict hoteliers’ sustainability actions and recommend evidence-based resilience strategies. The model will provide real-time dashboards and scenario planning tools tailored to hotel size, location, and market segment, helping operators cut emissions and protect assets while enhancing guest experience.

The supervisory team pairs Dr Wenjie Ye (AI, blockchain, computer vision) with Dr Thu-Huong Nguyen (sustainable tourism, diaspora travel analytics). We seek a PhD candidate with skills in data science, machine learning, or sustainable tourism analytics. Ideal applicants are proficient in Python or R, have an interest in climate-smart hospitality, and are eager to bridge technical innovation with industry practice to create measurable environmental impact.

Supervisors: Dr Wenjie Ye, Dr Thu-Huong Nguyen
Institute: Institute for Sustainable Industries & Liveable Cities
Course Code: UPAF
Field of Research (FoR) Code: 4602 Artificial intelligence

To indicate your interest and discuss your suitability, please contact: Dr. Wenjie Ye,  [email protected]   

AI-driven performance prediction of innovative green asphalt pavements (RFO-25074)

This project proposes to develop advanced machine learning (ML) models to accurately predict the performance of innovative green asphalt pavements, particularly those incorporating recycled materials. Traditional empirical approaches are limited in capturing the complex behaviour of pavements under evolving traffic and environmental conditions. 

This research will integrate ML algorithms, such as artificial neural networks, decision trees, and gradient boosting, with finite element modelling to predict key indicators like rutting and fatigue cracking. Supervised by A/Prof Ehsan Yaghoubi (geotechnical and pavement engineering) and Prof Yuan Miyao (AI and engineering systems), this project will use data from lab and field trials and collaborate with key industry stakeholders such as NTRO, Downer, and Asphaltech. It aims to produce industry-ready models for performance prediction of green asphalt mixes, facilitating their wider adoption in infrastructure projects. Victoria University’s advanced pavement testing lab will support this work with comprehensive datasets from past and ongoing field studies.

Supervisors: Associate Professor Ehsan Yaghoubi, Professor Yuan Miao
Institute: Institute for Sustainable Industries & Liveable Cities
Course Code: UPAF
Field of Research (FoR) Code: 4005 Civil engineering

To indicate your interest and discuss your suitability, please contact: Associate Professor Ehsan Yaghoubi,  [email protected]   

AI-enabled textile waste recycling: advancing circular economy solutions (RFO-25075)

The AI-enabled textile waste manufacturing aims to address environmental challenges of textile waste by adopting a circular economy approach, and converting post-consumer and post-industrial textile waste into high-quality reusable fiber and fabrics. 

Key objectives include reducing landfill waste using AI-powered image processing sorting system, and minimizing resource consumption with AI-driven material recovery to improving the circular efficiency. The qualitative research will have positive social, and environmental benefits to the the companies.

Supervisors: Associate Professor Himanshu Shee, Dr Tharaka De Vass
Institute: Institute for Sustainable Industries & Liveable Cities              
Course Code: UPAF
Field of Research (FoR) Code: 3509 Transportation, Logistics and supply chain

To indicate your interest and discuss your suitability, please contact: Associate Professor Himanshu Shee,  [email protected]   

Behaviour-driven energy optimisation in urban homes: scalable smart systems for sustainable & liveable cities (RFO-25076)

This project aims to improve energy efficiency and liveability in Australian urban homes by developing a practical, behaviour-responsive smart control system for managing indoor temperature and air quality. Building on our previous PhD research, which established validated links between window design, occupant behaviour, and ventilation effectiveness through simulations and post-occupancy evaluations in Melbourne homes, this study advances toward a deployable prototype. Using low-cost IoT sensors and machine learning algorithms, we will monitor real-time user interactions and indoor conditions to train adaptive control strategies integrated with ventilation systems. A hybrid simulation-empirical approach will be applied, combining field data collection with EnergyPlus and AI-based modelling. 

Expected outcomes include a scalable, retrofit-ready control system, performance benchmarks for behavioural integration, and policy-ready guidelines for smart energy retrofits in established suburbs. By directly addressing the energy-performance gap caused by behavioural variability, this project contributes to climate resilience and supports Australia’s transition to smart, sustainable, and liveable cities.

Supervisors: Dr Nima Izadyar, Associate Professor Elmira Jamei
Institute: Institute for Sustainable Industries & Liveable Cities
Course Code: UPAF
Field of Research (FoR) Code: 3302 Building

To indicate your interest and discuss your suitability, please contact: Dr Nima Izadyar,  [email protected]  

Brick manufacturing using waste generated from countertop manufacturing (RFO-25077)

This project aims to develop a sustainable brick design by recycling the waste polishing generated from countertop manufacturing and partially replacing clay in brick manufacturing through the following specific objectives: (1) Investigate the changes in clay brick properties when the clay is partially replaced by waste powders generated from countertop manufacturing, (2) Optimize the mix design and manufacturing procedure for clay brick containing the waste powders generated from countertop manufacturing. (3) Develop a life cycle maintenance plan for clay brick containing the waste powders generated from countertop manufacturing. The new brick design can turn these polishing wastes into a commercial brick manufacturing material.

The research team includes Dr Le Li and A/Prof Malindu Sandanayake, professionals in sustainable materials and carbon-neutral construction. We are also looking for a candidate with a background in the built environment and material engineering (or characterisation), who is hardworking and willing to contribute to the project.

Supervisors: Dr Le Li, Malindu Sandanayake
Institute: Institute for Sustainable Industries & Liveable Cities              
Course Code: UPAF
Field of Research (FoR) Code: 3301 Architecture

To indicate your interest and discuss your suitability, please contact: Dr Le Li,  [email protected]   

BuildRisk AI: Early detection of insolvency in construction projects (RFO-25078)

This research aims to develop BuildRisk AI, an advanced machine learning tool designed to predict insolvency risks in construction projects at an early stage. By analysing diverse data sources the tool aims to identify patterns and warning signs indicative of potential financial failure. The focus is on creating a robust predictive model that can assess insolvency risk accurately, enabling stakeholders such as contractors, investors, and regulators to take proactive measures. 

The research combines data science, construction management, and financial analysis to address a critical industry challenge: minimising project delays, cost overruns, and bankruptcies. Through collaboration with construction firms and financial institutions, the study also aims to validate the model in real-world scenarios. 

Ultimately, BuildRisk AI seeks to enhance decision-making, reduce economic losses, and improve the overall stability and sustainability of the construction sector.

Supervisors: Associate Professor Malindu Sandanayake, Associate Professor Ehsan Yaghoubi, Dr Omid Sianaki
Institute: Institute for Sustainable Industries & Liveable Cities             
Course Code: UPAF
Field of Research (FoR) Code: 4602 Artificial intelligence

To indicate your interest and discuss your suitability, please contact: Associate Professor Malindu Sandanayake,  [email protected]   

Decarbonisation & performance optimisation of cement & concrete materials using recycled waste products (RFO-25079)

This research program explores innovative strategies to decarbonise cement and concrete materials by incorporating recycled and waste-derived products from industrial processes. With a focus on sustainability and circular economy principles, this research program aims to reduce the environmental impact of construction materials while optimising material properties and cost. Our multidisciplinary team brings expertise in materials science, civil engineering and construction management. Select projects within this program are conducted in collaboration with an industry partner, ensuring practical relevance and real impact. 

We are seeking highly motivated PhD applicants with backgrounds in built environment, engineering or chemistry. Ideal candidates will have strong analytical skills, a passion for sustainable innovation, and an interest in hands-on laboratory research that contributes to global decarbonisation goals.

Supervisors: Dr Yanni Bouras, Dr Le Li, Associate Professor Paul Joseph
Institute: Institute for Sustainable Industries & Liveable Cities             
Course Code: UPAF
Field of Research (FoR) Code: 4005 Civil engineering

To indicate your interest and discuss your suitability, please contact: Dr Yanni Bouras,  [email protected]   

Development & performance evaluation of asphalt concrete incorporating carbon sink materials (RFO-25080)

This project aims to develop an industry-ready asphalt mix design by incorporating waste materials with carbon sink properties, such as biochar and hydrated lime. Supervised by experts Yaghoubi and Sandanayake in green construction materials, asphalt mixtures, life cycle assessment, and infrastructure modelling, the study addresses sustainability challenges in waste management as well as commercialisation of green asphalt pavements. By repurposing waste materials from potential industries, in particular, VU’s major partner Greater Western Water, and emerging partner, Barwon Water, the project aims to reduce environmental impact and offer a practical solution for the construction industry. 

Through advanced modelling and performance testing, innovative asphalt mixtures will be developed and evaluated, promoting sustainable practices within the transportation sector. This will be complemented with a life cycle assessment to make the outcomes more attractive for the construction market. VU’s advanced pavement and Bitumen laboratory is a valuable asset for  successful delivery of this project.

Supervisors: Associate Professor Ehsan Yaghoubi, Associate Professor Malindu Sandanayake
Institute: Institute for Sustainable Industries & Liveable Cities
Course Code: UPAF
Field of Research (FoR) Code: 4005 Civil engineering

To indicate your interest and discuss your suitability, please contact: Associate Professor Ehsan Yaghoubi,  [email protected]   

Development of pre-compacted blocks using recycled materials for sustainable filling applications (RFO-25081)

Efficient filling methods are vital for structural stability and safety in civil engineering. Traditional techniques often involve manual or mechanical compaction, leading to inconsistent results and labor-intensive processes. This research proposes the development of pre-compacted blocks using natural and recycled materials to address these challenges. These blocks promise easier handling, uniform compaction, and reduced labor, while also promoting environmental sustainability by repurposing waste materials. 

The project aligns with Victoria University’s Research and Impact Plan, aiming to revolutionise filling practices and establish industry partnerships. Experimental facilities at VU’s Geomechanics Laboratory and the Australian National Fabrication Facility will support this work. The outcomes will enhance construction efficiency, shorten project timelines, and contribute to sustainable practices, aligning with the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals. By optimising resource utilisation and fostering collaboration, this research will have significant local, national, and international impacts, addressing social, environmental, and economic challenges.

Supervisors: Associate Professor Wasantha Liyanage, Dr Rudi van Staden
Institute: Institute for Sustainable Industries & Liveable Cities              
Course Code: UPAF
Field of Research (FoR) Code: 4005 Civil engineering

To indicate your interest and discuss your suitability, please contact: Associate Professor Wasantha Liyanage,  [email protected]   

Enhancing safety culture in construction through digital twins & virtual reality (RFO-25113)

Our research focuses on advancing digital transformation in the construction industry, with an emphasis on improving productivity, safety, and sustainability. We explore the integration of Digital Twins, Building Information Modelling (BIM), Virtual and Augmented Reality, and AI-driven tools to support decision-making across the project lifecycle. 

Our team collaborates closely with industry to develop practical digital solutions that enhance design accuracy, streamline construction processes, and foster a strong safety culture. Through applied research and pilot projects, we aim to bridge the gap between digital innovation and on-site implementation.

Supervisors: Professor Zora Vrcelj, Associate Professor Malindu Sandanayake
Institute: Institute for Sustainable Industries & Liveable Cities              
Course Code: UPAF
Field of Research (FoR) Code: 4005 Civil engineering

To indicate your interest and discuss your suitability, please contact: Professor Zora Vrcelj, [email protected]  

Experimental investigation of flame dimensions & fireline intensity in bushfires (RFO-25114)

This project investigates the relationship between flame dimensions (flame height and flame length), rate of spread, and fireline intensity in bushfires through controlled laboratory experiments. Byram’s widely used fireline intensity model assumes uniform fire behaviour, constant combustion efficiency, and full fuel consumption. These simplifications result in considerable inaccuracies, particularly in real-world scenarios with changing terrain, varying fuel moisture, and uneven spread. In contrast, flame sizes can be seen in the field, using infrared and optical cameras, and may act as useful indicators for assessing fireline intensity. 

This project will perform slope-controlled burns on various grass fuel beds, noting flame behavior and determining fireline intensity based on measured heat release rate and spread rate. A key component involves approximately one-year research placement at the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), where the selected student will utilise cutting-edge fire testing resources and acquire practical experience in sophisticated bushfire diagnostics, experimental techniques, and global scientific partnerships.

Supervisors: Professor Khalid Moinuddin, Dr Siddharth Gupta
Institute: Institute for Sustainable Industries & Liveable Cities              
Course Code: UPAF
Field of Research (FoR) Code: 4017 Mechanical engineering

To indicate your interest and discuss your suitability, please contact: Professor Khalid Moinuddin, [email protected]  

Exploring the role of sustainability accounting in enhancing corporate accountability in Australia (RFO-25115)

Growing demand is being exerted upon enterprises to incorporate the social and environmental repercussions of their activities, a trend predominantly attributable to the burgeoning proliferation of sustainability accounting and reporting guidelines. This study contributes to the existing body of literature examining the function of accounting in evaluating the social and environmental consequences endured by organisations and ultimately, society as a whole. 

This project provides meaningful contributions to the corpus of research that elucidates conceptuais frameworks for organisations to employ sustainability accounting in mitigating environmental concerns. An in-depth examination of industry leaders in sustainability will facilitate a deeper understanding of best practices in sustainability accounting, while the research will also underscore the necessity for tailored guidelines within this field and offer a framework for their implementation. 

Proposed Research topic falls within the Strategic Research Themes such as sustainability, innovation and value creation, leadership and governance and internationalisation. At present no formal study about the exploring The Role of Sustainability Accounting in Enhancing Corporate Accountability in Australia. The present study will make an attempt to examine how far the 21st century management principles can be extended as a solution to enhance overall sustainable development agenda expectations in the  Australian context.

Supervisors: Dr Chitra De Silva Lokuwaduge, Dr David R Moore
Institute: Institute for Sustainable Industries & Liveable Cities              
Course Code: UPAF
Field of Research (FoR) Code: 3501 Accounting, auditing and accountability

To indicate your interest and discuss your suitability, please contact: Dr Chitra De Silva Lokuwaduge, [email protected]  

Hybrid membrane for selectively removal of chemical of concerns in liquid phase (RFO-25082)

This project aims to develop a hybrid membrane to removal chemical of concern in liquid using low grade energy. The membrane consists of a dense pervaporation layer functionalised by metal organic frame (MOF) and a loose hydrophobic layer isolating the waste liquid from the permeate.

The driving force for the separation is vapour pressure difference being generated by sweeping gas, vacuum, and/or temperature difference, which can be easily achieved by utilising solar energy. By incorporating MOF into the membrane, the dense layer could selectively reject the targeted components in the liquid phase or allow them to pass. 

Our preliminary tests have shown that the membrane presents more than 90% rejection to ammonia and surfactant-like contaminants. However, only limited tests were conducted. More research is required to optimise the structure of the membrane and select MOF based on the targeted components.

Supervisors: Dr Jianhua Zhang, Associate Professor Shobha Muthukumaran
Institute: Institute for Sustainable Industries & Liveable Cities              
Course Code: UPAF
Field of Research (FoR) Code: 4004 Chemical engineering

To indicate your interest and discuss your suitability, please contact: Dr Jianhua Zhang,  [email protected]   

Integrating circular economy principles in water management for sustainable construction practices (RFO-25083)

This research focuses on integrating circular economy principles into water management within the construction industry to promote sustainable practices. It aims to reduce water consumption, minimise wastewater generation, and enhance water reuse and recycling throughout construction processes. Key objectives include analysing current water usage patterns, identifying inefficiencies, and developing innovative strategies for water recovery and treatment on construction sites. 

The study explores material lifecycle approaches, emphasising closed-loop systems that reduce dependence on freshwater sources. It also investigates policy frameworks and technological advancements that support circular water management, such as rainwater harvesting, greywater recycling, and smart monitoring systems. By aligning water management with circular economy goals, this research seeks to minimise environmental impact, lower operational costs, and improve resource resilience. Ultimately, the project aims to contribute practical guidelines and scalable models that construction stakeholders can adopt to foster a more sustainable, water-efficient industry aligned with global sustainability targets.

Supervisors: Associate Professor Malindu Sandanayake, Dr Melissa Chan
Institute: Institute for Sustainable Industries & Liveable Cities              
Course Code: UPAF
Field of Research (FoR) Code: 4005 Civil engineering

To indicate your interest and discuss your suitability, please contact: Associate Professor Malindu Sandanayake,  [email protected]   

Integrating reinforcement learning-based intelligent indoor air quality systems in net-zero corridors: Enhanced sustainability using personalised comfort models (RFO-25084)

This research explores how to design and manage Net-Zero Corridors, such as university campuses, where energy use is balanced by renewable energy generation. While many designs focus on energy saving, they often ignore how overlook how people feel indoors. This project aims to improve this by using energy modelling and Artificial Intelligence (AI) to develop smart Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) and ventilation systems that adapt in real time to comfort needs, occupancy, and environmental data.

This project develops a Personalised Comfort Model that links indoor climate data (e.g., temperature, humidity, CO₂ exposure) alongside building performance simulations to guide intelligent control strategies. These tools will be tested through simulation and real-world case studies to help future-proof buildings in diverse climates.

Led by Dr Nima Izadyar and Associate Professor Elmira Jamei, the team combines expertise in energy efficiency, sustainable design, indoor environment quality, thermal comfort, and green energy.

We seek motivated researchers to help shape intelligent, sustainable buildings.

Eligible applicants: Australian or New Zealand citizens or Australian permanent residents.

Supervisors: Dr Nima Izadyar, Associate Professor Elmira Jamei
Institute: Institute for Sustainable Industries & Liveable Cities              
Course Code: UPAF
Field of Research (FoR) Code: 3302 Building

To indicate your interest and discuss your suitability, please contact: Dr Nima Izadyar,  [email protected]   

Investigation to develop protection strategies to mitigate wave induced scour around marine / riverine piers (RFO-25085)

The research is focussed on the development of a methodology for the investigation of wave induced scour around piers in the marine/ riverine environment for their protection and management. The experimental and numerical approached will be the part of the developed methodology. Various pier shapes will be investigated incorporating different wave angles impacting on piers. Suitable computational fluid dynamics software will be used for numerical analysis. The research will finally identify optimal pier shapes under different scouring conditions due to wave angles and provide practical design considerations for engineers 

The research team has a wide experience in civil infrastructure construction, hydraulics, hydrology and computational fluid dynamics.

The applicant should have qualification and experience in civil engineering for conducting study under experimental setup and numerical analysis using fluid mechanics/computational fluid dynamics models. 

Supervisors: Dr Ashok Sharma, Dr Siddharth Gupta
Institute: Institute for Sustainable Industries & Liveable Cities              
Course Code: UPAF
Field of Research (FoR) Code: 4005 Civil engineering

To indicate your interest and discuss your suitability, please contact: Dr Ashok Sharma,  [email protected]   

Line-monitoring, anomaly detection & fault localisation in single & poly-phase electricity networks (RFO-25086)

This project aims to develop an advanced system for real-time monitoring, predictive maintenance, anomaly detection, and fault localization in both single-phase and poly-phase electricity networks. The focus is on enhancing the reliability and efficiency of electrical distribution systems by using cutting-edge technologies such as IoT sensors, machine learning algorithms, and power line communications.

Research methodology involves the use of artificial intelligence models to detect anomalies in network performance that could indicate early signs of faults, inefficiencies, or potential hazards. The system should distinguish between normal variations and significant deviations that require immediate attention.

A secondary research outcome will be a fault localization mechanism that accurately identifies the location of faults within the network, enabling rapid response and minimizing disruption. This will involve the integration of signal processing techniques and advanced analytics to pinpoint fault locations with high precision.

Supervisors: Associate Professor Cagil Ozansoy, Dr Douglas Gomes, Professor Mike Faulkner
Institute: Institute for Sustainable Industries & Liveable Cities              
Course Code: UPAF
Field of Research (FoR) Code: 4008 Electrical Engineering

To indicate your interest and discuss your suitability, please contact: Associate Professor Cagil Ozansoy,  [email protected]   

Next-generation electric vehicle charging: prediction, scheduling & intelligence (RFO-25087)

This project focuses on developing smart scheduling solutions for electric vehicle (EV) charging networks using advanced AI techniques, including graph neural networks, federated learning, reinforcement learning, and edge computing. The aim is to forecast charging power or current at individual charging points in a scalable, distributed, and privacy-preserving manner. The research is led by Professor Hua Wang and Dr Jiao Yin, who bring strong expertise in artificial intelligence, data science, and cybersecurity. 

We are seeking highly motivated PhD applicants with a solid background in computer science, data science, or artificial intelligence. Experience in machine learning, graph analytics, or distributed systems—along with a strong publication track record—is desirable. The selected candidate will help design novel algorithms and apply them to real-world EV infrastructure data, contributing to the development of sustainable and intelligent charging strategies.

Supervisors: Professor Hua Wang, Dr Jiao Yin
Institute: Institute for Sustainable Industries & Liveable Cities              
Course Code: UPAF
Field of Research (FoR) Code: 4602 Artificial intelligence

To indicate your interest and discuss your suitability, please contact: Professor Hua Wang,  [email protected]   

Phytoremediation with industrial hemp (RFO-25088)

It is challenging to handle contaminated soil. Heavy metals and organic contaminants can leach into soil, alter the soil’s pH value, reduce microbial diversity, affecting soil health, groundwater and ultimately human health. During the water treatment process, large amounts of sludge with heavy metals and organic compounds are created. It is costly to handle contaminated sludge. Phytoremediation using industrial hemp has gained considerable attention as a sustainable method to clean up contaminated soil. Industrial hemp is fast to grow, has high biomass yield, and is able to tolerate and accumulate soil contaminants. Hemp absorbs contaminants into shoots that can be harvested. Hemp roots can bind metals in the soil, reducing their leaching into groundwater. 

This project is in collaboration with industry for examining the effectiveness of phytoremediation using industrial hemp.

 We seek motivated PhD applicant(s) with background in environmental/ chemical/ civil engineering, who is passionate about environmental sustainability.

Supervisors: Professor Mikel Duke, Dr Hing-Wah Chau, Associate Professor Elmira Jamei, Dr Shiran Geng
Institute: Institute for Sustainable Industries & Liveable Cities
Course Code: UPAF
Field of Research (FoR) Code: 4004 Chemical engineering

To indicate your interest and discuss your suitability, please contact: Professor Mikel Duke,  [email protected]   

Post-fire creep behaviour of geological media: infrastructure risk management in the vicinity of fire hazards (RFO-25089)

Fire events such as tunnel fires, building fires, and mine fires have become increasingly common in the recent past, exposing the surrounding environment to elevated temperatures. This research project aims to investigate the post-fire creep behaviour of geological media (rocks and soils) to enhance infrastructure risk management near fire-prone areas. By studying how geological materials behave under sustained loading following exposure to fire, the project seeks to understand the long-term implications for infrastructure stability and resilience. 

Through laboratory experiments and numerical modelling, the research will assess factors influencing post-fire creep, such as temperature exposure, moisture content, and material composition. The findings will provide valuable insights into the deformation mechanisms of geological media after fire events, informing risk assessment and mitigation strategies for critical infrastructure located in fire-prone regions. Ultimately, this research contributes to improving the resilience of infrastructure systems and enhancing their ability to withstand the impacts of fire hazards.

Supervisors: Associate Professor Wasantha Liyanage, Dr Yanni Bouras
Institute: Institute for Sustainable Industries & Liveable Cities
Course Code: UPAF
Field of Research (FoR) Code: 4005 Civil engineering

To indicate your interest and discuss your suitability, please contact: Associate Professor Wasantha Liyanage,  [email protected]  

Privacy-preserving & attack-resistant learning at the edge (RFO-25090)

This project aims to develop a blockchain-enhanced federated learning (FL) framework to secure edge computing applications in critical sectors such as healthcare, transportation, and manufacturing. These domains demand robust protection of privacy, data integrity, and resilience against cyber threats. By integrating FL, blockchain, and graph-based modelling, the project will generate new knowledge in privacy-preserving, attack-resistant learning systems deployed at the edge. Led by Professor Hua Wang and Dr Jiao Yin, the supervisory team brings deep expertise in AI, cybersecurity, and distributed systems. 

We are seeking highly motivated PhD applicants with a background in computer science, cybersecurity, or data science. Prior experience with federated learning, blockchain, or edge computing, supported by strong research publications, is desirable. The successful candidate will develop scalable and trustworthy algorithms that advance Australia’s digital transformation and protect critical infrastructure.

Supervisors: Professor Hua Wang, Dr Jiao Yin
Institute: Institute for Sustainable Industries & Liveable Cities              
Course Code: UPAF
Field of Research (FoR) Code: 4602 Artificial intelligence

To indicate your interest and discuss your suitability, please contact: Professor Hua Wang,  [email protected]   

Quantum-enhanced hypervector computing: advancing covert intelligence & identifying vulnerabilities in adversarial systems (RFO-25091)

This project explores a novel fusion of Quantum Computing (QC) and Hypervector Computing (HVC) to revolutionise covert intelligence systems. By overcoming the limitations of traditional Artificial Neural Networks in analysing encrypted data, this hybrid system offers real-time threat detection and advanced adversarial vulnerability analysis. 

Led by A/Prof Khandakar Ahmed, the research team has expertise in AI, cybersecurity, and quantum technologies, and is supported by collaborators in intelligence and national security domains. 

We are seeking a highly motivated HDR candidate with a strong background in machine learning, quantum computing, or cybersecurity who is interested in developing cutting-edge solutions for secure, real-time intelligence applications.

Supervisors: Associate Professor Khandakar Ahmed, Imad Khan
Institute: Institute for Sustainable Industries & Liveable Cities             
Course Code: UPAF
Field of Research (FoR) Code: 4602 Artificial Intelligence

To indicate your interest and discuss your suitability, please contact: Associate Professor Khandakar Ahmed,  [email protected]   

Remote sensing & artificial intelligence assisted tools for sustainable groundwater management (RFO-25116)

Groundwater is a critical natural resource worldwide, supporting billions of dollars in economic activity. It sustains urban water supplies, agriculture, industry, mining, and ecosystems. However, despite its socio-economic significance, groundwater management has often been neglected compared to surface water. Many countries including Australia face serious groundwater challenges due to human activities such as excessive extraction, widespread use of chemicals in agriculture, wellbore recharge, wastewater injection, and hydraulic fracturing. These practices have led to declining water tables, rising salinity, seawater intrusion, and deteriorating water quality – issues that are being intensified by climate change.

This project aims to develop innovative, technology-driven approaches for groundwater management. It will utilise historical data and satellite observations from NASA’s GRACE mission to train artificial intelligence models capable of predicting future changes in groundwater levels and quality. These models will support informed local decision-making and guide policy development for sustainable groundwater management in Australia and beyond.

Supervisors: Associate Professor Wasantha Liyanage, Associate Professor Ashok Sharma
Institute: Institute for Sustainable Industries & Liveable Cities              
Course Code: UPAF
Field of Research (FoR) Code: 4005 Civil engineering

To indicate your interest and discuss your suitability, please contact: Associate Professor Wasantha Liyanage, [email protected]  

Smarter solar forecasting in polluted skies: Using AI & remote sensing to improve pv performance (RFO-25092)

This project tackles a major challenge in renewable energy: how dust and air pollution reduce the efficiency of solar panels and distort energy forecasts. Focusing on Victoria, where bushfires, urban pollution, and low-vegetation industrial areas like West Melbourne are common, and where population growth is rapidly transforming these zones into dense urban areas, this research combines remote sensing, ground-based data, and artificial intelligence to develop highly accurate solar forecasting models. These models will help predict power losses, guide system design, and support more reliable and resilient solar energy generation in the built environment.

Supervised by Dr Nima Izadyar and Associate Professor Elmira Jamei, experts in sustainable design and energy systems, the project offers exceptional mentoring in environmental data analytics, machine learning, and applied energy research.

We are seeking a motivated candidate with a background in engineering, data science, or environmental modelling and a strong interest in impactful sustainability solutions for future cities.

Supervisors: Dr Nima Izadyar, Associate Professor Elmira Jamei
Institute: Institute for Sustainable Industries & Liveable Cities             
Course Code: UPAF
Field of Research (FoR) Code: 3399 Other Built Environment and Design

To indicate your interest and discuss your suitability, please contact: Dr Nima Izadyar,  [email protected]   

Supply chain digitalisation & sustainability (RFO-25117)

This research investigates strategies to enhance sustainability across supply chains through innovation, collaboration, and digital integration. It focuses on  promoting ethical sourcing, reducing environmental impact, improving energy and resource efficiency, and circular economy practices. 

Key areas include green logistics, emissions reduction, sustainable procurement, and compliance with environmental and social regulations. The study also explores the role of emerging technologies – such as data analytics, AI, and blockchain – in enabling transparency, real-time decision-making, and traceability across supply chain networks. Emphasis is placed on cross-sectoral collaboration and stakeholder engagement to support resilient, responsible, and adaptive supply chain systems. 

The research aims to develop a practical framework that businesses and policymakers can adopt to advance sustainable supply chain practices, aligning with global sustainability targets such as the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Key research team members include Associate Professor Catherine Lou and Dr Riccardo Natoli, together with other disciplines' collaborators.

Supervisors: Associate Professor Catherine Lou, Dr Riccado Natoli
Institute: Institute for Sustainable Industries & Liveable Cities              
Course Code: UPAF
Field of Research (FoR) Code: 3509 Transportation, logistics and supply chains

To indicate your interest and discuss your suitability, please contact: Associate Professor Catherine Lou, [email protected]  

Sustainable hemp-based construction materials (RFO-25093)

Hemp-based construction materials are sustainable. Hemp absorbs carbon dioxide during growth for carbon sequestration. Hemp is fast-growing and can be harvested few times per year consuming less water/ pesticides than other industrial crops. Hemp is biodegradable that can decompose naturally. 

The manufacturing process of hemp-based construction materials consumes less energy and has low embodied energy. Hemp-based materials have good acoustic performance and is a good thermal mass to store heat. They are breathable and can regulate humidity for maintaining consistent indoor comfort to avoid condensation or mould issues. However, hemp-based construction materials are not widely standardised in building codes that limits their widespread usage.

 This project aims to examine various properties of hemp-based construction materials within the National Construction Code framework. 

We seek motivated PhD applicant(s) with background in materials/ civil/ architectural engineering or building surveying, who is passionate about sustainability that contributes to the advancement of green building materials.

Supervisors: Dr Hing-Wah Chau, Dr Nima Izadyar, Associate Professor Elmira Jamei, Dr Shiran Geng
Institute: Institute for Sustainable Industries & Liveable Cities              
Course Code: UPAF
Field of Research (FoR) Code: 3302 Building

To indicate your interest and discuss your suitability, please contact: Dr Hing-Wah Chau, [email protected]

The nexus of atmospheric pollutants & urban stormwater quality: towards resilient urban water systems (RFO-25094)

This research investigates the complex interactions between atmospheric pollutants and urban stormwater quality, a pressing concern in rapidly urbanizing regions like Melbourne. Moving beyond conventional approaches, this study examines the atmospheric deposition, transformation, and subsequent transport of both established and emerging contaminants (e.g., microplastics, persistent organic pollutants, heavy metals) into stormwater runoff. 

Key objectives include utilising advanced hydrological and atmospheric transport models to analyze pollutant loads under diverse climatic conditions and projected urban growth scenarios. The research will also assess the efficacy of nature-based solutions such as biofilters and raingardens in simultaneously intercepting air pollutants and enhancing stormwater purification. Furthermore, it will explore the integration of circular economy principles to optimise stormwater reuse with a particular focus on removing persistent organic pollutants and heavy metals. 

The findings will provide insights for developing innovative, climate-resilient urban water management strategies, enhancing public health outcomes, and promoting sustainable urban development.

Supervisors: Associate Professor  Shobha Muthukumaran, Associate Professor Jianhua Zhang, Associate Professor Paul Joseph
Institute: Institute for Sustainable Industries & Liveable Cities             
Course Code: UPAF
Field of Research (FoR) Code: 4011 Environmental Engineering

To indicate your interest and discuss your suitability, please contact: Associate Professor  Shobha Muthukumaran,  [email protected]   

Time-domain reflectometry for precise fault localisation within cables & overhead networks (RFO-25095)

The project aims to develop and implement a Time-Domain Reflectometry (TDR) system for the precise localisation of faults within both underground cables and overhead networks. TDR is a diagnostic technique to detect and pinpoint faults in transmission lines. By measuring reflections of electrical signals sent down a cable or network, TDR can accurately identify the location of faults such as short circuits, open circuits, or insulation breakdowns. The key research outcome will be a robust TDR system capable of generating and analyzing high-frequency electrical signals to detect faults in both underground and overhead networks. 

The project incorporates advanced signal processing algorithms to accurately interpret the reflected signals, enabling the precise determination of fault locations. Early and precise fault detection will help prevent catastrophic failures that could pose safety risks to personnel and the public, particularly in high-voltage environments.

Supervisors: Associate Professor Cagil Ozansoy, Dr Douglas Gomes, Mr Tariq Nazir
Institute: Institute for Sustainable Industries & Liveable Cities              
Course Code: UPAF
Field of Research (FoR) Code: 4008 Electrical Engineering

To indicate your interest and discuss your suitability, please contact: Associate Professor Cagil Ozansoy,  [email protected]   

Towards sustainable & healthier world (RFO-25096)

Rapid global population growth necessitates a 50% increase in food production to satisfy future demands. However, it's crucial to enhance production without harming the environment. To accomplish this, there are three primary objectives and challenges: developing sustainable food systems, reducing food waste, and promoting global dietary changes. 

The food industry is increasingly launching plant-based alternatives designed to mimic the look, taste, and aroma of animal products. Yet, health, nutrition, taste, and safety remain the foremost factors influencing consumers' shifts in eating habits. Currently, plant protein products do not fulfil nutritional needs, highlighting a demand for innovative and functional protein mixtures. Thus, a critical gap needs to be filled in aligning the functional characteristics of plant proteins with those of dairy proteins. This could lead to the creation of a tool that predicts the behaviour of plant proteins in various conditions based on their structural features.

Supervisors: Professor Todor Vasiljevic, Professor Thom Huppertz, Associate Professor Chandrapala
Institute: Institute for Sustainable Industries & Liveable Cities              
Course Code: UPAF
Field of Research (FoR) Code: 3006 Food Sciences

To indicate your interest and discuss your suitability, please contact: Professor Todor Vasiljevic,  [email protected]   

Translating physics-based firebrand transport models into operational wildfire prediction (RFO-25118)

Bushfires remain one of Australia’s greatest natural hazards, and predicting how embers (firebrands) spread during a fire is critical to protecting lives and property. 

This project aims to operationalise recent advances in physics-based firebrand transport modelling by implementing a validated ember landing distribution model into the SPARK wildfire simulation toolkit. Previous work at Victoria University has developed and experimentally validated a statistical model for short-range spotting using WFDS/FDS under varying fire geometries and wind conditions. Building on this baseline framework, the project focuses on translating the parameterised firebrand model into SPARK for operational deployment. 

Unlike FDS, which requires significant computational time, SPARK delivers real-time predictions and is widely used by fire and land management agencies across Australia. The proposed implementation will produce a computationally efficient module for predicting short-range ember attack near the Wildland-Urban Interface, enhancing SPARK’s spotting capability and enabling more accurate, timely, and data-driven fire spread forecasting with real-world impact.

Supervisors: Professor Khalid Moinuddin, Dr Siddharth Gupta
Institute: Institute for Sustainable Industries & Liveable Cities              
Course Code: UPAF
Field of Research (FoR) Code: 4017 Mechanical engineering

To indicate your interest and discuss your suitability, please contact: Professor Khalid Moinuddin, [email protected]